IEEE 802.11af represents an amendment to the IEEE 802.11 base standard, commonly referred to as Wi-Fi, with a distinctive focus. Unlike the well-established IEEE 802.11a/b/g standards, IEEE 802.11af is tailored to operate within TV White Spaces—portions of the radio spectrum already allocated to TV broadcasters but currently unused in specific locations and time periods.

The defining feature of IEEE 802.11af is its utilization of cognitive radio technology to detect and access these available white spaces. This cognitive technology relies on an authorized geolocation database, which serves as a critical component. This database provides precise information regarding which frequencies can be used, the designated time slots, and the specific conditions under which networks are permitted to operate.”

IEEE 802.11af leverages cognitive radio technology to operate in TV White Spaces, employing geolocation data to ensure spectrum availability and regulatory compliance.