Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD), is a communication protocol used by GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) cellular telephones to send text between a mobile device and a network operator’s computer. It’s a technology that allows information to be exchanged between a mobile device and a network server.

USSD isn’t limited to 2G or 3G networks; it can also function over 4G (LTE) and 5G networks, offering similar functionalities but with potential enhancements due to the increased speed and capabilities of these newer generations of mobile networks.

Here are some scenarios where USSD can be used over 4G and 5G networks:

1. Mobile Banking: With the higher bandwidth and lower latency of 4G and 5G, USSD can facilitate more complex and secure mobile banking transactions. Users can check account balances, transfer funds, pay bills, and receive real-time transaction notifications using USSD codes.
2. Interactive Services: Enhanced network capabilities allow for more sophisticated interactive USSD menus. Users can navigate through options more swiftly, potentially incorporating richer multimedia content or quicker response times in scenarios like selecting mobile plans, activating services, or accessing customer support.
3. IoT Device Control: In 5G networks particularly, where massive IoT connectivity is a focus, USSD can be used for IoT device control. For instance, users could remotely interact with smart home devices, monitoring and controlling them via USSD commands.
4. Emergency Services: USSD in 4G and 5G networks can play a crucial role in emergency response systems. Users can send distress signals or access emergency services using quick USSD codes, ensuring rapid communication even in situations with limited bandwidth or high network congestion.
5. Network Configuration and Self-Service: Telecom operators can provide subscribers with USSD-based tools for network configuration, troubleshooting, and self-service, allowing users to manage their accounts, activate/deactivate services, or troubleshoot network issues easily.
6. Transactional Services: USSD can be utilized for a range of transactional services beyond banking, including purchasing goods, accessing entertainment services, or subscribing to content, leveraging the faster speeds and responsiveness of 4G and 5G networks.

Overall, the transition to 4G and 5G networks expands the possibilities for USSD, enabling more complex and faster interactions between users and network services, leading to improved user experiences and more diverse applications across various industries.
Please take a closer look to: USSD Interworking Guidelines v1.0 from GSM Association.